Jungle music
Jungle is a genre of electronic dance music that emerged in the United Kingdom in the early 1990s, formed from the collision of the breakbeat hardcore of the British rave scene with the Jamaican sound system culture carried to Britain by the Windrush generation. It is built on rapid, heavily edited breakbeats, deep sub-bass and dense sampling from reggae, dub, dancehall, hip hop and soul, and it is generally regarded as the origin point of drum and bass.
The genre's sound is defined by high tempos, chopped-up breakbeat sequencing, heavy basslines and the distinctive timbre of Akai timestretching[^c1]. Jungle abandoned the steady four-to-the-floor pulse of rave in favour of remarkable rhythmic sophistication — intricate drums and disorienting samples balanced against enormous bass tones[^c2]. Its records were made for DJs and sound systems, its culture ran through pirate radio stations such as Kool FM, and its leading figures ranged from the DJs Fabio and Grooverider to producers such as Goldie, LTJ Bukem, 4hero and Congo Natty.
Jungle peaked commercially between roughly 1993 and 1996, then receded as its more polished successor drum and bass took over[^c3]. It did not disappear. The music's rhythmic and bass inventions shaped UK garage, grime and dubstep, and jungle "still held the foundations" as those genres emerged[^c5]. From the 2010s a new international scene rebuilt the sound, and jungle remains an active force in contemporary electronic music[^c4].